我如何在python中腌制一个嵌套的类?

我有一个嵌套类:

class WidgetType(object):

    class FloatType(object):
        pass

    class TextType(object):
        pass

..和一个引用嵌套类类型的对象(不是它的一个实例)

class ObjectToPickle(object):
     def __init__(self):
         self.type = WidgetType.TextType

尝试序列化ObjectToPickle类的实例会导致:

PicklingError:Can not pickle <class'setmanager.app.site.widget_data_types.TextType'>

有没有办法在python中腌制嵌套类?


pickle模块试图从模块中获取TextType类。 但是因为这个类是嵌套的,所以它不起作用。 jasonjs的建议将起作用。 这里是pickle.py中的行,负责错误信息:

    try:
        __import__(module)
        mod = sys.modules[module]
        klass = getattr(mod, name)
    except (ImportError, KeyError, AttributeError):
        raise PicklingError(
            "Can't pickle %r: it's not found as %s.%s" %
            (obj, module, name))

klass = getattr(mod, name)在嵌套类的情况下不起作用。 为了演示如何在酸洗实例之前尝试添加这些行:

import sys
setattr(sys.modules[__name__], 'TextType', WidgetType.TextType)

此代码将TextType作为属性添加到模块中。 酸洗应该很好。 我不建议你使用这个黑客。


我知道这是一个非常古老的问题,但我从来没有明确地看到这个问题的令人满意的解决方案,除了重构结构代码的明显的,最可能是正确的答案之外。

不幸的是,它并不总是可行的做这样的事情,在这种情况下,作为最后的手段,也可以腌制的被另一个类中定义的类的实例。

__reduce__函数的python文档声明您可以返回

可调用的对象,将被调用来创建该对象的初始版本。 元组的下一个元素将为此可调用对象提供参数。

因此,您所需要的只是一个可以返回相应类的实例的对象。 这个类本身必须是可选择的(因此,必须在__main__级别生存),并且可以像下面这样简单:

class _NestedClassGetter(object):
    """
    When called with the containing class as the first argument, 
    and the name of the nested class as the second argument,
    returns an instance of the nested class.
    """
    def __call__(self, containing_class, class_name):
        nested_class = getattr(containing_class, class_name)
        # return an instance of a nested_class. Some more intelligence could be
        # applied for class construction if necessary.
        return nested_class()

所有剩下的就是在__reduce__方法中返回适当的参数:

class WidgetType(object):

    class FloatType(object):
        def __reduce__(self):
            # return a class which can return this class when called with the 
            # appropriate tuple of arguments
            return (_NestedClassGetter(), (WidgetType, self.__class__.__name__, ))

结果是一个嵌套的类,但实例可以被pickle(需要进一步的工作来转储/加载__state__信息,但是根据__reduce__文档,这是相对简单的)。

这种相同的技术(只需修改代码)可以应用于深度嵌套类。

一个完整的例子:

import pickle


class ParentClass(object):

    class NestedClass(object):
        def __init__(self, var1):
            self.var1 = var1

        def __reduce__(self):
            state = self.__dict__.copy()
            return (_NestedClassGetter(), 
                    (ParentClass, self.__class__.__name__, ), 
                    state,
                    )


class _NestedClassGetter(object):
    """
    When called with the containing class as the first argument, 
    and the name of the nested class as the second argument,
    returns an instance of the nested class.
    """
    def __call__(self, containing_class, class_name):
        nested_class = getattr(containing_class, class_name)

        # make an instance of a simple object (this one will do), for which we can change the
        # __class__ later on.
        nested_instance = _NestedClassGetter()

        # set the class of the instance, the __init__ will never be called on the class
        # but the original state will be set later on by pickle.
        nested_instance.__class__ = nested_class
        return nested_instance



if __name__ == '__main__':

    orig = ParentClass.NestedClass(var1=['hello', 'world'])

    pickle.dump(orig, open('simple.pickle', 'w'))

    pickled = pickle.load(open('simple.pickle', 'r'))

    print type(pickled)
    print pickled.var1

我最后要说的是记住其他答案所说的话:

如果你有能力这样做,考虑重新考虑你的代码,以避免嵌套类首先。


如果你使用dill而不是pickle ,它会起作用。

>>> import dill
>>> 
>>> class WidgetType(object):
...   class FloatType(object):
...     pass
...   class TextType(object):
...     pass
... 
>>> class ObjectToPickle(object):
...   def __init__(self):
...     self.type = WidgetType.TextType
... 
>>> x = ObjectToPickle()
>>> 
>>> _x = dill.dumps(x)
>>> x_ = dill.loads(_x)
>>> x_
<__main__.ObjectToPickle object at 0x10b20a250>
>>> x_.type
<class '__main__.TextType'>

在这里获取莳萝:https://github.com/uqfoundation/dill

链接地址: http://www.djcxy.com/p/64821.html

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