I'm trying to center text on a div vertically and horizontally
This question already has an answer here:
Check this: https://jsfiddle.net/krgtdomh/1/
I've added:
.outer {
    display: table;
    position: absolute;
    height: 450px;
    width: 100%;
}
.middle {
    display: table-cell;
    vertical-align: middle;
}
.inner {
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto; 
    width: /*whatever width you want*/;
}
 And I've added display:block;  to #top-rectangle and changed the height to 450px.  
I used this answer to get there
It looks like your CSS code is fine, but there is a mistake:
 In CSS you use: midSection In html: class="mid"  
As you can see this way the names are different and css is not used, here is a fix:
https://jsfiddle.net/krgtdomh/2/
I've also added a width to your div:
#top-rectangle {
        height: 450px;
        width: 450px;
        background-image:  url("http://www.planwallpaper.com/static/images/recycled_texture_background_by_sandeep_m-d6aeau9_PZ9chud.jpg");
        background-size: cover;
        color: white;
}
For center the div .midSection vertically and horizontally
CSS
.midSection{
    position:absolute;
    top:50%;
    left:50%;
    -webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);
    -moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);
    -ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);
    -o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);
    transform:translate(-50%,-50%);
}
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