Profiling in Python: Who called the function?

I'm profiling in Python using cProfile . I found a function that takes a lot of CPU time. How do I find out which function is calling this heavy function the most?

EDIT:

I'll settle for a workaround: Can I write a Python line inside that heavy function that will print the name of the function that called it?

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That may not answer your question directly, but will definitely help. If use the profiler with option --sort cumulative it will sort the functions by cumulative time. Which is helpful to detect not only heavy functions but the functions that call them.

python -m cProfile --sort cumulative myScript.py

There is a workaround to get the caller function:

import inspect
print inspect.getframeinfo(inspect.currentframe().f_back)[2]

You can add as many f_back as you want in case you want the caller caller etc If you want to calculate frequent calls you can do this:

record = {}

caller = inspect.getframeinfo(inspect.currentframe().f_back)[2]
record[caller] = record.get(caller, 0) + 1

Then print them by order of frequency:

print sorted(record.items(), key=lambda a: a[1])

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I almost always view the output of the cProfile module using Gprof2dot, basically it converts the output into a graphvis graph (a .dot file), for example:

It makes it very easy to determine which function is slowest, and which function[s] called it.

Usage is:

python -m cProfile -o output.pstats path/to/your/script arg1 arg2
gprof2dot.py -f pstats output.pstats | dot -Tpng -o output.png

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inspect.stack（）会给你当前的调用者堆栈。

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