linear regression in R
I have a question which is perhaps more a statistical query than one related to r directly, however it may be that I am just invoking an r package incorrectly so I will post the question here. I have the following dataset:
x<-c(1e-08, 1.1e-08, 1.2e-08, 1.3e-08, 1.4e-08, 1.6e-08, 1.7e-08,
1.9e-08, 2.1e-08, 2.3e-08, 2.6e-08, 2.8e-08, 3.1e-08, 3.5e-08,
4.2e-08, 4.7e-08, 5.2e-08, 5.8e-08, 6.4e-08, 7.1e-08, 7.9e-08,
8.8e-08, 9.8e-08, 1.1e-07, 1.23e-07, 1.38e-07, 1.55e-07, 1.76e-07,
1.98e-07, 2.26e-07, 2.58e-07, 2.95e-07, 3.25e-07, 3.75e-07, 4.25e-07,
4.75e-07, 5.4e-07, 6.15e-07, 6.75e-07, 7.5e-07, 9e-07, 1.15e-06,
1.45e-06, 1.8e-06, 2.25e-06, 2.75e-06, 3.25e-06, 3.75e-06, 4.5e-06,
5.75e-06, 7e-06, 8e-06, 9.25e-06, 1.125e-05, 1.375e-05, 1.625e-05,
1.875e-05, 2.25e-05, 2.75e-05, 3.1e-05)
y2<-c(-0.169718017273307, 7.28508517630734, 71.6802510299446, 164.637259265704,
322.02901173786, 522.719633360006, 631.977073772459, 792.321270345847,
971.810607095548, 1132.27551798986, 1321.01923840546, 1445.33152600664,
1568.14204073109, 1724.30089942149, 1866.79717333592, 1960.12465709003,
2028.46548012508, 2103.16027631327, 2184.10965255236, 2297.53360080873,
2406.98288043262, 2502.95194879366, 2565.31085776325, 2542.7485752473,
2499.42610084412, 2257.31567571328, 2150.92120390084, 1998.13356362596,
1990.25434682546, 2101.21333152526, 2211.08405955931, 1335.27559108724,
381.326449703455, 430.9020598199, 291.370887491989, 219.580548355043,
238.708972427248, 175.583544448326, 106.057481792519, 59.8876372379487,
26.965143266819, 10.2965349811467, 5.07812046132922, 3.19125838983254,
0.788251933518549, 1.67980552001939, 1.97695007279929, 0.770663673279958,
0.209216903989619, 0.0117903221723813, 0.000974437796492681,
0.000668823762763647, 0.000545308757270207, 0.000490042305650751,
0.000468780182460397, 0.000322977916070751, 0.000195423690538495,
0.000175847622407421, 0.000135771259866332, 9.15607623591363e-05)
which when plot looks like this: Segmentation test http://i48.tinypic.com/25pltoy.png
I have then attempted to use the segmentation package to generate three linear regressions (solid black line) in three regions (10^⁻8--10^⁻7,10^⁻7--10^⁻6 and >10^-6) since I have a theoretical basis for finding different relationships in these different regions. Clearly however my attempt using the following code was unsuccessful:
lin.mod <- lm(y2~x)
segmented.mod <- segmented(lin.mod, seg.Z = ~x, psi=c(0.0000001,0.000001))
Thus my first question- are there further parameters of the segmentation I can tweak other than the breakpoints? So far as I understand I have iterations set to maximum as default here.
My second question is: could I perhaps attempt a segmentation using the nls package? It looks as though the first two regions on the plot (10^⁻8--10^⁻7 and 10^-7--10^-6) are further from linear then the final section so perhaps a polynomial function would be better here?
As an example of a result I find acceptable I have annoted the original plot by hand: Annotated segmentation example http://i45.tinypic.com/zjb439.jpg.
Edit: The reason for using linear fits is the simplicity they provide, to my untrained eye it would require a fairly complex nonlinear function to regress the dataset as a single unit. One thought that had crossed my mind was to fit a lognormal model to the data as this may work given the skew along a log x-axis. I do not have enough competence in R to do this however as my knowledge only extends to fitdistr which so far as I understand would not work here.
Any help or guidance in a relevant direction would be most appreciated.
If you are not satisfied with the segmented package, you can try the earth package with the mars algorithm. But here, I find that the result of the segmented model is very acceptable. see the R-Squared below.
lin.mod <- lm(y2~x)
segmented.mod <- segmented(lin.mod, seg.Z = ~x, psi=c(0.0000001,0.000001))
summary(segmented.mod)
Meaningful coefficients of the linear terms:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) -2.163e+02 1.143e+02 -1.893 0.0637 .
x 4.743e+10 3.799e+09 12.485 <2e-16 ***
U1.x -5.360e+10 3.824e+09 -14.017 NA
U2.x 6.175e+09 4.414e+08 13.990 NA
Residual standard error: 232.9 on 54 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-Squared: 0.9468, Adjusted R-squared: 0.9419
Convergence attained in 5 iterations with relative change 3.593324e-14
You can check the result by plotting the model :
plot(segmented.mod)
To get the coefficient of the plots , you can do this:
intercept(segmented.mod)
$x
Est.
intercept1 -216.30
intercept2 3061.00
intercept3 46.93
> slope(segmented.mod)
$x
Est. St.Err. t value CI(95%).l CI(95%).u
slope1 4.743e+10 3.799e+09 12.4800 3.981e+10 5.504e+10
slope2 -6.177e+09 4.414e+08 -14.0000 -7.062e+09 -5.293e+09
slope3 -2.534e+06 5.396e+06 -0.4695 -1.335e+07 8.285e+06
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