what exactly is "call"/"apply" doing here?
This question already has an answer here:
 callback.apply( object[ name ], args ) is simply calling function callback with object[name] as context ( this ) and args as arguments.  jQuery provides a way to break a loop by returning false , as stated in the docs:  
 We can break the $.each() loop at a particular iteration by making the callback function return false .  Returning non-false is the same as a continue statement in a for loop;  it will skip immediately to the next iteration.  
So, this piece of code:
if ( callback.apply( object[ name ], args ) === false ) {
  break;
}
 checks if the function returns false , and if yes, breaks the loop.  
If we skip the context part, the code could look like this (in ES6):
if (callback(...args) === false) {
  break;
}
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